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2025年7月18日 星期五

Black Belt Cisco AI Strategy Quiz - presales

 

https://partnerlearning.cisco.com/new/ui/learner/training/programs/1887546992813355363/certifications

Quiz 1

1. Why is monitoring AI system latency important?

Options:

  1. Ensure system fast timely response

  2. Identify when the system needs to be rebooted

  3. Reduce the volume of processed data

  4. Increase security levels

Correct Answer: Ensure system fast timely response 


2. Why is it important to have a scalable network infrastructure for AI?

Options:

  1. Support data-intensive processes and minimize latency

  2. Simplify management of user accounts

  3. Reduce internet costs

  4. Simplify maintenance

Correct Answer: Support data-intensive processes and minimize latency


3. Which programming languages are used most often in AI development?

Options:

  1. Python and Java for their flexibility and extensive libraries

  2. C++ and Assembly for high performance

  3. PHP and Ruby for web development

  4. HTML and CSS for user interfaces

Correct Answer: Python and Java for their flexibility and extensive libraries


4. How can customers reduce risks when implementing AI?

Options:

  1. Focusing on local regulatory requirements and ignoring norms of other regions to avoid instruction conflicts

  2. Limiting the use of AI to the minimum possible

  3. Developing and implementing a strict data management and AI usage policy

  4. Avoiding the use of cloud technologies

Correct Answer: Developing and implementing a strict data management and AI usage policy


5. What characterizes reinforcement learning?

Options:

  1. Learning based on rewards and punishments

  2. Using labeled data

  3. Analyzing unstructured data

  4. Used exclusively in games

Correct Answer: Learning based on rewards and punishments

6. What principle underlies expert systems operation?

Options:

  1. True – False. Evaluates the truthfulness of data based on databases

  2. If – Then. Follows a set of predefined rules.

  3. Do – While. Determines when to stop routine processes and requests expert assistance for finding solutions.

  4. Analysis – Redirection. Analyzes the question and redirects it to the expert in the database who specializes in the relevant topic.

Correct Answer: If – Then. Follows a set of predefined rules.


7. Where did the evolution of AI begin?

Options:

  1. With attempts to mimic human thinking

  2. With attempts to merge several programs into one

  3. As a byproduct of the development of neural networks

  4. With attempts to create a better internet distribution controller

Correct Answer: With attempts to mimic human thinking


8. Why is data processing and labeling important in AI development?

Options:

  1. Ensure the accuracy and relevance of training data

  2. Reduce the volume of stored data

  3. Accelerate network connections

  4. Simplify the user interface

Correct Answer: Ensure the accuracy and relevance of training data


9. How can AI help companies manage their IT infrastructure?

Options:

  1. AI provides basic support to IT staff without affecting infrastructure management.

  2. AI reduces maintenance costs for accounting by optimizing usage

  3. AI improves performance and ensures higher security

  4. IT infrastructure helps manage AI, not the other way around

Correct Answer: AI improves performance and ensures higher security


10. What ethical challenges are associated with the development of AGI?

Options:

  1. Creating autonomous military systems

  2. Enhancing production efficiency

  3. Managing impacts on employment and social justice

  4. Improving user interfaces

Correct Answer: Creating autonomous military systems


Quiz 2


Question 1

Which of the following AI technologies directly addresses behavioral analysis and proactive threat detection?
A. automated responses
B. coordinated responses
C. threat prioritization
D. machine learning

Answer: D. machine learning


Question 2

You are speaking with a customer who is looking on adopting AI infrastructure, however they are concerned about possible sensitive data leakage during AI model development. What solution will address their security concern?
A. Complexity; the appropriate solution is Cisco Hypershield.
B. Improper use of data; the appropriate solution is Cisco Hypershield.
C. Sensitive data leakage; the appropriate solution is data loss prevention.
D. Complexity; the appropriate solution is Cisco Identity Intelligence.

Answer: C. Sensitive data leakage; the appropriate solution is data loss prevention.


Question 3

What is a primary concern for customers that the Cisco Responsible AI Framework addresses?
A. Spiraling costs of AI-based technology solutions
B. Increased complexity of AI solutions
C. Collection and use of personal data
D. Logistics in retraining employees affected by AI

Answer: C. Collection and use of personal data


Question 4

What key feature benefits organizations when incorporating AI in networking solutions?
A. Manually configured software that AI corrects in real time
B. Uncovered human error at the expense of higher costs
C. Increased automated and streamlined operations
D. Improved tracking of network downtime

Answer: C. Increased automated and streamlined operations


Question 5

In a Webex meeting today, your supervisor gave you detailed instructions on your next assignment and how to accomplish it. Which of the following Webex features will be most helpful to you when you review the recording?
A. gesture recognition
B. virtual backgrounds
C. meeting summary
D. language translation

Answer: C. meeting summary


Question 6

In which way does Cisco’s partnership with Nutanix provide a more efficient AI deployment for its customers?
A. Flashstack for AI
B. A multicloud UCS-X powered multicloud, hyperconverged solution
C. Flexpod Datacenter for AI
D. Unicloud environment UCS-X powered unicloud, hyperconverged solution

Answer: B. A multicloud UCS-X powered multicloud, hyperconverged solution


Question 7

Identify two partner concerns that Cisco CX Cloud attempts to address. (Choose two.)
A. The increasing costs of technology due to the introduction of AI
B. The need to clearly define business outcomes
C. The continuous need of retraining professionals
D. The need to reduce the complexity of planning and integrating technology
E. The need to articulate AI benefits to prospective customers

Answer: B. The need to clearly define business outcomes
D. The need to reduce the complexity of planning and integrating technology


Question 8

What are three elements of the Cisco security strategy that mitigate potential threats across an organization’s attack surface?
A. Data loss prevention, Silicon One technology, GPU security
B. Zero trust, microsegmentation, data loss prevention
C. Data loss prevention, GPU security, RMDA technology
D. Data loss prevention, zero trust, InfiniBand

Answer: B. Zero trust, microsegmentation, data loss prevention


Question 9

A manufacturing firm is implementing an AI-based software solution to simulate their production environment with the goal of improved production efficiency and reduced time-to-market for new products. What is the term for this software-based solution?
A. Supply-chain optimization
B. Intelligent quality control
C. Key performance indicator monitoring
D. Digital twin environment

Answer: D. Digital twin environment


Question 10

What is the functionality that provides visibility across the customer’s entire technology landscape?
A. AppDynamics real-time performance monitoring
B. ThousandEyes end-user monitoring
C. Cisco Full-Stack Observability
D. Cisco Hypershield

Answer: C. Cisco Full-Stack Observability

2025年7月15日 星期二

[解答] Black Belt - Business Critical Services (BCS) for Partners FY23

 


1️⃣ 單選題:Which of the following is not a component of Expert Care?

選項:
A. Incident Management
B. National
C. Problem Resolution
D. Problem Management

✅ 正確答案:B. National


2️⃣ 複選題:The construct and deliverables of Business Critical Services provide value to Cisco partners by empowering them to:

選項:
A. Grow
B. Warranty
C. Sell more, faster
D. Differentiate

✅ 正確答案:A. Grow、C. Sell more, faster、D. Differentiate


3️⃣ 單選題:Which service tier is best suited for existing Cisco customers who are seeking to reduce network costs while maintaining a minimum level of Cisco proactive support?

選項:
A. Essentials
B. Advantage
C. Premier

✅ 正確答案:A. Essentials


4️⃣ 複選題:Business Critical Services is focused on what phases of a customer's technology journey?

選項:
A. Implementation
B. Adoption
C. Optimization
D. Strategic Roadmap Development

✅ 正確答案:A. Implementation、B. Adoption、C. Optimization、D. Strategic Roadmap Development


5️⃣ 單選題:Which of the following is not a service tier?

選項:
A. Essentials
B. National
C. Advantage
D. Premier

✅ 正確答案:B. National


2025年7月14日 星期一

Cisco Blackbelt CX Test (Success Tracks)

 




1. What type of Cisco Specialization is required for partners to publish their own branded services engagements through PX Cloud?

選項:

  1. Collaboration Specialization

  2. Adoption Specialization

  3. Advanced Customer Experience Specialization

  4. Enterprise Networking Specialization

答案: 3


2. Which statements about Success Tracks are correct?

選項:

  1. Success Tracks are CX services and capabilities covering a customer's entire lifecycle journey.

  2. Success Tracks are multiple levels of experience in four focus areas: expert resources, trusted support, insights & analytics and contextual learning.

  3. Success Tracks offer a use-case guided services by architecture.

  4. All of the Above

答案: 4


3. What is one key differentiated customer deliverable within Level 2 of Success Tracks?

選項:

  1. Accelerators

  2. Ask the Experts

  3. Managed Services

  4. SNTC Portal

答案: 1


4. What are the main categories for partners to define and deliver their own offers based on the deliverables within Success Tracks?

選項:

  1. Ask the Experts

  2. Insights & Analytics

  3. Enterprise Agreement

  4. Accelerators

答案: 2、4


5. Cisco Success Tracks provide a _______ journey to help customers achieve value faster.

選項:

  1. Land and adopt

  2. Managed Services

  3. Solution architect

  4. Use-Case-Guided

答案: 4


6. What is the primary tool customers, who purchased Success Tracks, use to monitor their lifecycle progression, get telemetry based insights, and access to contextual learning?

選項:

  1. PX Cloud

  2. CX Cloud

  3. CCW

答案: 2


7. Cisco's CX Success Tracks Level 1 helps customers and partners improve their IT efficiencies with the following: Which statements about Level 1 are correct? (Select all that apply)

選項:

  1. Self-guided resources

  2. Customer accessibility through the CX Cloud

  3. Scope of Work (SOW) based services

  4. Managed Services

  5. Smart Net Total Care

答案: 1、2、5


8. What are the four main capabilities of Success Tracks designed to address customers business issues? (Select all that apply)

選項:

  1. Expert Resources

  2. Trusted Support

  3. Implementation Services

  4. Insights and analytics

  5. Contextual Learning

答案: 1、2、4、5


9. All levels of Success Tracks include Ask-The-Experts (ATX) that provide expert-led one-to-many interactive educational sessions.

選項:

  1. TRUE

  2. FALSE

答案: 2


10. Partners can build upon the CX Cloud to market their own services in combination with CX.

選項:

  1. TRUE

  2. FALSE

答案: 1

2025年5月26日 星期一

Cisco DNA License 安裝與錯誤診斷教學

Cisco DNA License 安裝與錯誤診斷教學(含 Smart Token 取得教學)

本文教你如何在 Cisco Catalyst Switch 上啟用 DNA 授權、從 Cisco 取得 Smart License Token,以及如何處理常見錯誤訊息。非常適合初入社會的新鮮工程師或剛接觸 Cisco 的 IT 人員參考。


🔐 如何取得 Cisco Smart License Token?

  1. 前往 Cisco Smart Account 註冊頁 並申請帳號(必須使用公司信箱)
  2. 登入 Cisco Software Central,選擇 Smart Account
  3. 建立 Virtual Account(可用 default)
  4. 點選 General → New Token 建立授權 Token,設定有效期限(預設 30 天)
  5. 複製 Token,到交換器輸入下列指令註冊:
license smart register idtoken <your-token>

如果設備無法連網,請考慮使用 Cisco CSLU 工具或 Satellite 模式。


✅ 安裝 Cisco DNA License 步驟

  1. 確認設備支援 DNA 授權
    show version
  2. 啟用 Smart Licensing 模式
    
    conf t
    license smart enable
    exit
        
  3. 輸入 Token 並註冊授權
    license smart register idtoken <your-token>
  4. 驗證授權狀態
    
    show license summary
    show license all
        

⚠️ DNA License 未啟用時常見錯誤訊息

  • License 未註冊:
    %LICENSE-6-EVALUATION: The system is operating on an Evaluation License.
    %SMART_LIC-3-REG_FAIL: Registration with the Cisco Smart Software Manager (CSSM) failed.
  • DNA 授權不存在:
    %LICENSE-2-INVALID_LICENSE: License DNA-Advantage is not in use.
  • Evaluation License 快到期:
    %LICENSE-6-EVAL_WARNING: Smart Licensing Evaluation Period is about to expire in 15 days.
  • 連線錯誤:
    %SMART_LIC-4-AGENT_CONTACT_FAILURE: Failed to send message to CSSM: Unable to resolve host.

🛠 常用診斷指令與資訊

查看授權狀態:

show license summary

常見輸出:


License Status: EVAL MODE
DNA License: Not in Use

查看詳細授權與特徵模組:

show license all

可能訊息:


Feature Name: dna-advantage
License State: Not in use, EVAL EXPIRED

🔧 常見解決方式

  • 確認交換器能連上網際網路(DNS/NTP/HTTPS 都能通)
  • Token 是否已過期,必要時重新產生新的
  • 切換 Smart License 模式為 CSLU 或 Satellite

你可以從 show license summary 開始排錯,也歡迎提供下列資訊讓我協助你進一步診斷:

  • 交換器型號與 IOS-XE 版本(用 show version
  • 網路能否正常連外?是否有防火牆阻擋?
  • 目前授權模式(Eval / Smart / CSLU)

有任何問題也歡迎留言討論,一起解決 Cisco Smart Licensing 的疑難雜症!🚀



2025年4月30日 星期三

Cisco Black Belt AI Fundamental

 Q1. What is the primary role of programming languages in AI development?


1. They enable the creation and management of databases that store and organize the data used by AI models.


2. They help write the instructions that tell computers how to learn and process information.


3. They help monitor AI systems by providing the syntax and structures necessary for developing software that tracks performance metrics and system health.


4. They facilitate the networking of various AI systems by providing the code that enables communication and data exchange between disparate systems.


Ans : 2.



Q2. What is the primary advantage of using generative models like GANs and VAEs?


1. They streamline data processing.


2. They reduce the need for data labeling. 


3. They generate new, realistic data instances.


4. They simplify the deployment of AI models.


Ans : 3.


Q3. Why is robust infrastructure important for AI development?


1. It helps ensure that AI applications can be developed without programming languages. 


2. It provides unlimited scalability for AI systems across all types of cloud environments. 


3. It makes AI systems less dependent on machine-learning frameworks.


4. It supports the high computational demands and large data volumes typical in AI workloads.


Ans : 4


Q4. What is a key benefit of effective monitoring in AI systems?


1. It helps ensure that systems operate smoothly and efficiently.


2. It eliminates the need for manual data labeling.


3. It replaces the need for machine-learning frameworks.


4. It reduces the importance of programming languages in AI.


Ans : 1


Q5. attach the following components of the AI tech stack with their descriptions:


Machine-Learning Frameworks

Structures that simplify the development, training, and deployment of ML models.


Vector Databases

Specialized storage solutions that support high-dimensional data used in AI applications.


Monitoring

Process for tracking performance metrics to gain optimal operation of AI systems.


Data Processing and Labeling

Operations that prepare data to enhance the performance of AI models.





2023年6月13日 星期二

Cisco ThousandEyes Quiz (Black Belt 2023)

 1. ThousandEyes solution provides the most correlated visibility in a single view. What is the function of the network performance layer?

It provides network metrics (loss, latency, jitter) across the entire end-to-end service availability path 

It provides network metrics (loss and latency) across the entire end-to-end service availability path 

It provides granular visibility only into the networks, which are part of the Internet 

It provides a hop-by-hop view of how the services are being delivered 

Ans : 1


2. Enterprise Agents are controlled and deployed by the customer, either in their infrastructure or in the Cloud. Which deployment platforms can customers leverage? (Select all that apply) 

Microsoft Hyper-V

Linux package 

VMware ESX

Docker 

Bare Metal 

Apple

Ans : 1 2 3 4 5


3. The ThousandEyes solution provides a 360 degree view of hybrid digital ecosystems by combining:

Internet and WAN visibility

Micro-transaction monitoring

Browser Synthetics

Internet Insights

End-user monitoring

Ans : 1 3 4 5


4. Endpoint agents provide insight into the digital experience from the end-user perspective and can be deployed on Microsoft Windows or Apple MacOSX devices 

TRUE

FALSE

Ans : True


5. ThousandEyes solution help prospects more effectively manage their stakeholders and 3rd party providers because: select all that apply)

It provides a comprehensive view of all the networks and services that make up a user experience

Sharelinks can be used to share interactive snapshots between the customer teams and/or provider for more collaborative problem resolution 

Faults and dependencies are correlated to identify the root cause and isolate problems quickly 

Network AI can identify and fix the fault automatically 

Ans : 1 2 3


6. ThousandEyes provides unique visibility into service availability, usability, and performance by leveraging three different vantage points. These are (select all that apply):

Process Agent

Enterprise Agent

Cloud Agent

Cisco Performance Agent

Endpoint Agent

Ans : 2 3 5


7. ThousandEyes solution provides the most correlated visibility in a single view. What is the function of the path visualization layer? 

It provides network metrics (loss, latency, jitter) across the entire end-to-end service availability path. 

It provides network metrics (loss and latency) across the entire end-to-end service availability path 

It provides granular visibility only into the networks, which are part of the internet 

It provides a hop-by-hop view of how the services are being delivered 

Ans : 2 (Not sure)




2021年8月18日 星期三

功能比較 : Cisco vPC and Cisco VSS

 今天你的老爸我將談論兩種技術,Cisco vPC: Virtual Port Channel (虛擬端口通道) 和 VSS:Virtual Switching system (虛擬交換系統)。 這兩種技術在各自領域的工作方式不同。 你們不用一直Google去查,我在這兒把它們之間的差異或了解它們之間的實際差異告訴你,你真的賺到了。

Cisco vPC 在 Nexus 設備上運行,Cisco VSS 在 Cisco Catalyst交換機上運行。 兩者都是不同的,適用於不同的場景。

  • 什麼是 VSS 以及它是如何工作的?
  • VSS 和埠口通道有什麼區別?
  • vPC 是埠口通道技術的高級版本嗎?
  • 我們如何區分 vPC 和 VSS?
  • 在哪裡使用 vPC 和在哪裡使用 VSS?
  • 我們是否有任何命令可以在 Cisco 6500 機箱上啟用 vPC?
  • 我們可以在同一台交換機上使用 vPC 和 VSS 嗎?
  • 我們可以選擇在 Cisco 3850 或 Cisco 2960-X 交換機上使用 VSS 嗎?

Cisco VSS :Virtual Switching system

Cisco VSS 將一對 Catalyst 4500/6500/6800 系列交換機組合成一個網絡元件。 VSS 管理備援線路,這些線路在外部充當單個埠口通道。 VSS 通過減少第 3 層路由鄰居的數量和提供無Loop的第 2 層拓撲來簡化網絡配置和操作。

所以在這裡很明顯,除非您在網絡中使用 Cisco 6500、Cisco 6800 和 Cisco 4500 交換機,否則 VSS 技術不能在接入交換機上使用。所有這 3 台交換機通常用於分佈層或核心層以及 VSS的概念一般用在企業網絡的分佈層。

下面是 VSS 在企業網絡架構中的樣貌,並確保這些是 Cisco Catalyst交換機,可以是 Cisco 4500/6500 和 6800 交換機。

圖 1.1- Cisco VSS 實體網路圖 與 邏輯網路圖

你老爸我我不建議在網路需求非常低的架構分佈中使用這種高級設備。

Cisco vPC: Virtual Port Channel

虛擬埠口通道 (vPC) 允許實體連接到兩個不同 Cisco Nexus 5000/7000 系列設備的線路對第三個設備顯示為單個埠口通道,並且該設備可以是光纖擴展器 (FEX) 或命名為 Nexus 2k 交換機。

vPC 可以提供第 2 層多路徑,它允許您通過增加頻寬來創建備援線路,在節點之間啟用多條並行路徑並在存在替代路徑的情況下負載平衡(load-balancing)流量。 vPC 域包括 vPC 對等設備、vPC 對等保持連接(peer keepalive)、 vPC 對等線路(peer link),以及連接到下行(downstream)設備的 vPC 域中的所有 PortChannel。

圖1.2 Cisco vPC

Cisco vPC 技術僅用於 Cisco Nexus 設備,不能成為 Cisco Catalyst或 Cisco 接入層(Access Layer)交換機的一部分。 不能在 Cisco 3850 交換機上使用這些功能。 它主要是為 Cisco Nexus 交換機構建的。

圖 1.3 VSS 和 vPC的比較

以上這樣講你了解了嗎 ?

  • -- 2021-08-18



2020年11月19日 星期四

Cisco CCNA命令大全

 

登錄網路設備,USB-COM-COM-RJ45,超級終端/SecureCRT

Would you like to enter the initial configuration dialog? [yes/no]: //回答no,如果回答了yes,會出現大量對話,Ctrl+C中斷對話
% Please answer 'yes' or 'no'.
Router> //使用者模式,只能簡單的showping/tracer
Router>enable //從使用者模式進入特權模式
Router# //特權模式,能夠進行所有的showping/tracer
Router#configure terminal//從特權模式進入全域配置模式
Router(config)# //全域配置模式,可以進行相關配置
Router(config)#hostname R1//給設備命名
R1#show version //查看設備軟硬體版本資訊,開機時間,記憶體和Flash大小,模組等
R1#show ip interface brief //查看介面資訊
R1#show running-config //查看運行在記憶體中的當前配置
R1#show startup-config //查看開機配置,保存在NVRAM
R1#copy running-config startup-config //將當前運行配置保存到開機配置中
R1#show tech-support //查看設備所有軟硬體的詳細資訊
R1(config)#enable password xxx//配置enable密碼,該密碼show run可見
R1(config)#enable secret xxx //配置enable密碼,該密碼show run不可見,兩個同時配置時,secret密碼生效
R1(config)#line vty 0 4 //進入telnet配置模式
R1(config-line)#login //telnet登陸需要密碼驗證
R1(config-line)#password xxx //配置telnet密碼
R1(config-line)#exit
R1(config)#line vty 0 4 
R1(config-line)#no login //telnet登陸不需要驗證
R1(config-line)#exit 
R1(config)#line vty 0 4
R1(config-line)#login local//telnet登陸需要在本地資料庫查找用戶名密碼進行驗證
R1(config-line)#exit
R1(config)#username spoto password xxx //創建本地用戶名密碼
R1(config)#banner ^!!!!R1!!!!!^ //配置設備登陸提示符,頭尾符號需要一致,中間為提示符內容
R1(config)#line vty 0 4
R1(config-line)#privilege level 15//配置telnet使用者特權等級為15,即登陸後直接進入enable模式
R1(config-line)#exit 
R1(config)#interface fastEthernet x/x //進入介面配置模式
R1(config-if)#ip address x.x.x.x x.x.x.x //配置IP及遮罩
R1(config-if)#no shutdown //打開介面,路由器介面預設處於管理性關閉狀態
R1(config-if)#exit //退出介面配置模式,返回全域配置模式
R1(config)#no ip routing //關閉路由功能,將路由器模擬成PC
R1(config)#ip default-gateway x.x.x.x //配置閘道位址
R1#show ip route //查看關閉路由功能後的閘道配置
R1#show cdp neighbors //查看思科互連設備資訊
R1(config)#interface loopback 0 //創建環回介面0,用於類比網段和測試
R1(config-if)#ip address x.x.x.x x.x.x.x//配置環回介面IP及遮罩,環回介面不需要no shutdown
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#ip route x.x.x.x x.x.x.x x.x.x.x //配置使用下一跳位址的靜態路由
R1(config)#ip route x.x.x.x x.x.x.x fastEthernet x/x //配置使用本地出介面的靜態路由
R1(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 x.x.x.x //配置使用下一跳位址的默認路由
R1(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 fastEthernet x/x //配置使用本地出介面的預設路由
R1#show ip route //查看路由表
R1#ping x.x.x.x //使用出介面作為源IP的普通ping
R1#ping x.x.x.x source x.x.x.x //使用指定源位址的擴展ping
R1#debug ip icmp //打開ping的調試過程顯示
R1#undebug ip icmp //關閉ping的調試過程顯示
R1#traceroute x.x.x.x //路徑跟蹤,查看到達目的地所經過的IP
R1(config)#router rip //運行RIP協定,進入RIP協定配置模式
R1(config-router)#version 2 //配置RIP為版本2
R1(config-router)#no auto-summary//關閉自動匯總功能
R1(config-router)#network x.x.x.x //將相關網段發佈到RIP進程中,所有相關子網都會被發佈,命令配置不支援帶遮罩
R1(config-router)#exit //退出RIP協定配置模式
R1(config)#router eigrp x //運行EIGRP,配置EIGRP AS號碼,相鄰設備的AS號碼要求一致
R1(config-router)#no auto-summary//關閉自動匯總功能
R1(config-router)#network x.x.x.x //將相關網段發佈到EIGRP進程中,所有相關子網都會被發佈
R1(config-router)#network x.x.x.x x.x.x.x //將相關網段精確發佈到EIGRP進程中,命令配置支援帶反遮罩
R1(config-router)#exit //退出EIGRP協定配置模式
R1#show ip eigrp neighbors//查看EIGRP鄰居表
R1#show ip eigrp topology //查看EIGRP拓撲表
R1(config)#router ospf x //運行OSPF,配置OSPF本地進程號,該號碼僅有本地意義
R1(config-router)#network x.x.x.x x.x.x.x area x //相關網段精確發佈到OSPF區域中,命令配置要求帶反遮罩,相鄰設備區域號要相同
R1(config-router)#auto-cost reference-bandwidth x //修改參考頻寬,單位是兆
R1(config-router)#exit //退出OSPF協定配置模式
R1#show ip ospf neighbor //查看OSPF鄰居表
R1#show ip ospf database //查看OSPF拓撲表
R1#show ip ospf interface //查看OSPF介面狀態資訊,包括RID、網路類型、hello時間等
C3640上載入NM-16ESW模組來對比交換機。如果是類比2層交換機,需要關閉路由功能。
Switch#vlan database //進入VLAN資料庫模式
Switch(vlan)#vlan x //創建VLAN,刪除時前面加no
Switch(vlan)#exit
Switch#show vlan-switch //查看VLAN表及所屬埠,真實設備或IOU模擬器上的命令為show vlan
Switch#show vtp status //查看VTP資訊,包括功能變數名稱、版本、模式等
Switch(config)#int fastEthernet x/x
Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access //配置埠模式為access
Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10 //將該埠劃入VLAN10,默認所有埠屬於VLAN1
Switch(config-if)#exit
Switch(config)#int fastEthernet x/x //進入單臂路由主介面
Switch(config-if)#switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q //指定trunk封裝使用802.1Q,當交換機支援802.1QISL時使用
Switch(config-if)#switchport mode trunk //配置埠模式為trunk
Switch(config-if)#exit
Switch#show interfaces trunk //查看交換機trunk介面資訊及狀態
Switch(config)#interface vlan x //進入管理IP所在的介面
Switch(config-if)#ip address x.x.x.x x.x.x.x //配置交換機的管理IP
Switch(config-if)#exit
Switch(config)#ip default-gateway x.x.x.x //配置交換機的閘道位址,實現跨網段遠端系統管理
R1(config)#interface fastEthernet x/x
R1(config-if)#no shutdown //單臂路由配置,只需要主介面開啟,子介面會自動繼承開啟
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#interface fastEthernet x/x.x //進入子介面配置模式
R1(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1Q x //配置封裝為802.1Q,並指定該子介面所對應的VLAN
R1(config-subif)#ip address x.x.x.x x.x.x.x //配置該VLAN的閘道位址
R1(config-subif)#exit
R1(config)#access-list x permit x.x.x.x //允許來自某台主機的流量
R1(config)#access-list x permit x.x.x.x x.x.x.x //允許來自某個網段的流量
R1(config)#access-list x deny any //標準ACL的默認操作是拒絕所有流量
R1(config)#interface fastEthernet x/x 
R1(config-if)#ip access-group x in //CAL應用在介面的入方向
R1(config-if)#ip access-group x out //ACL應用在介面的出方向
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#line vty 0 4
R1(config-line)#access-class 1 in //telnet遠端控制,有在ACL中被允許的主機能遠端telnet到本機。
R1(config-line)#exit
R1(config)#access-list 100 permit ip x.x.x.x x.x.x.x x.x.x.x x.x.x.x //允許某個網段到某個網段的流量通過
R1(config)#access-list 100 permit ip host x.x.x.x host x.x.x.x //允許某台主機到某台主機的流量通過
R1(config)#access-list 100 permit ip any any //允許任何IP流量通過
R1(config)#access-list 100 permit tcp any any eq x //允許某種TCP流量通過
R1(config)#access-list 100 permit udp any any eq x //允許某種UDP流量通過
R1(config)#access-list 100 permit icmp any any //允許ping包通過
R1(config)#access-list 100 deny ip any any //擴展ACL的默認操作是拒絕所有流量
R1#show access-lists //查看ACL內容及匹配情況
R1(config)#interface fastEthernet x/x
R1(config-if)#ip nat inside //指定介面為NATinside
R1(config)#interface fastEthernet x/x
R1(config-if)#ip nat outside //指定介面為NAToutside
R1(config)#ip nat inside source list 1 interface fastEthernet x/x overload//配置基於出介面的PAT
R1(config)#access-list 1 permit any //允許任何IP作為NAT的源位址
R1(config)#ip nat inside source static x.x.x.x x.x.x.x //配置靜態NAT
R1(config)#ip nat pool spoto x.x.x.x x.x.x.x netmask 255.255.255.0 //配置NAT的位址集區
R1(config)#ip nat inside source list 1 pool spoto overload //配置基於位址集區的PAT
R1(config)#ip nat inside source static tcp x.x.x.x x interface FastEthernetx/x x //配置靜態埠映射
R1#show ip nat translations //查看NAT轉換表
R1#clear ip nat translation * //清除NAT轉換表,靜態條目不會被刪除
R1-S/C(config)#int serial x/x
R1-S/C(config-if)#clock rate 64000
R1-S/C(config-if)#encapsulation ppp //將介面封裝從預設的HDLC改為PPP封裝
PAP認證配置,認證伺服器端:
R1-S(config)#username xxx password xxx //在認證伺服器端配置本地用戶名密碼
R1-S(config-if)#ppp authentication pap //在認證伺服器端開啟pap認證要求
PAP認證配置,認證用戶端:
R1-C(config-if)#ppp pap sent-username xxx password xxx //在認證用戶端配置pap發送的用戶名和密碼
CHAP認證配置,認證伺服器端:
R1-S(config)#username xxx password xxx //在認證伺服器端配置本地用戶名密碼
R1-S(config-if)#ppp authentication chap //在認證伺服器端開啟chap認證要求
CHAP認證配置,認證用戶端:
R1-C(config-if)#ppp chap hostname xxx //在認證用戶端配置chap發送的用戶名
R1-C(config-if)#ppp chap password xxx //在認證用戶端配置chap發送的密碼
FRSW(config)#frame-relay switching //將路由器類比成框架轉送交換機
FRSW(config)#int serial x/x
FRSW(config-if)#clock rate 64000
FRSW(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay //將介面封裝從預設的HDLC改為框架轉送封裝
FRSW(config-if)#frame-relay intf-type dce //指定框架轉送交換機介面類別型為DCE
FRSW(config-if)#frame-relay route xxx interface serial x/x xxx //配置框架轉送交換路徑
FRSW(config-if)#exit
FRR(config)#int serial x/x
FRR(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay //配置框架轉送路由器介面封裝從預設的HDLC改為FR
FRR(config-if)#ip address x.x.x.x x.x.x.x
FRR(config-if)#frame-relay map ip x.x.x.x x broadcast//靜態配置IPDLCI的映射關係,指定對端IP及本端使用的DLCI
FRR(config-if)#exit
FRR#show frame-relay map //查看框架轉送映射表
FRR(config)#int serial x/x
FRR(config-if)#ip ospf network point-to-multipoint //框架轉送下OSPF預設模式是NBMA,無法自動建立鄰居。手動修改網路類型為PTMPPTP
FRR(config-if)#exit

CCNA關鍵知識:
網路模型、IP&VLSM
靜態路由&預設路由
動態路由RIPv2EIGRPOSPF
VLANAccessTrunkVTPSTP、單臂路由、2層交換機遠端系統管理
ACLNAT
WANPPP
IPv6WLAN


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