CVSS v3.1 Equations

Base

The Base Score is a function of the Impact and Exploitability sub score equations. Where the Base score is defined as,

    If (Impact sub score <= 0)     0 else,
    Scope Unchanged4                 𝑅𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑝(𝑀𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚[(𝐼𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑡 + 𝐸𝑥𝑝𝑙𝑜𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦), 10])
    Scope Changed                      𝑅𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑝(𝑀𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚[1.08 × (𝐼𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑡 + 𝐸𝑥𝑝𝑙𝑜𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦), 10])

and the Impact sub score (ISC) is defined as,

    Scope Unchanged 6.42 × 𝐼𝑆𝐶Base
    Scope Changed 7.52 × [𝐼𝑆𝐶𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 − 0.029] − 3.25 × [𝐼𝑆𝐶𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 − 0.02]15

Where,

    𝐼𝑆𝐶𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 = 1 − [(1 − 𝐼𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑡𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑓) × (1 − 𝐼𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑡𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔) × (1 − 𝐼𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑡𝐴𝑣𝑎𝑖𝑙)]

 And the Exploitability sub score is,

    8.22 × 𝐴𝑡𝑡𝑎𝑐𝑘𝑉𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 × 𝐴𝑡𝑡𝑎𝑐𝑘𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑡𝑦 × 𝑃𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑔𝑒𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 × 𝑈𝑠𝑒𝑟𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛Temporal

The Temporal score is defined as,

    𝑅𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑝(𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑆𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑒 × 𝐸𝑥𝑝𝑙𝑜𝑖𝑡𝐶𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑀𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑦 × 𝑅𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝐿𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑙 × 𝑅𝑒𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑓𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒)Environmental

The environmental score is defined as,

    If (Modified Impact Sub score <= 0)     0 else,

    If Modified Scope is Unchanged           Round up(Round up (Minimum [ (M.Impact + M.Exploitability) ,10]) × Exploit Code Maturity × Remediation Level × Report Confidence)
  
    If Modified Scope is Changed               Round up(Round up (Minimum [1.08 × (M.Impact + M.Exploitability) ,10]) × Exploit Code Maturity × Remediation Level × Report Confidence)

And the modified Impact sub score is defined as,

    If Modified Scope is Unchanged 6.42 × [𝐼𝑆𝐶𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑑]
  
    If Modified Scope is Changed 7.52 × [𝐼𝑆𝐶𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑑 − 0.029]-3.25× [𝐼𝑆𝐶𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑑 × 0.9731 − 0.02] 13

Where,
    𝐼𝑆𝐶𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑑 = 𝑀𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 [[1 − (1 − 𝑀. 𝐼𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑓 × 𝐶𝑅) × (1 − 𝑀. 𝐼𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔 × 𝐼𝑅) × (1 − 𝑀. 𝐼𝐴𝑣𝑎𝑖𝑙 × 𝐴𝑅)], 0.915]

The Modified Exploitability sub score is,

    8.22 × 𝑀. 𝐴𝑡𝑡𝑎𝑐𝑘𝑉𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 × 𝑀. 𝐴𝑡𝑡𝑎𝑐𝑘𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑡𝑦 × 𝑀. 𝑃𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑔𝑒𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 × 𝑀. 𝑈𝑠𝑒𝑟𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜n4 Where “Round up” is defined as the smallest number, specified to one decimal place, that is equal to or higher than its input. For example, Round up (4.02) is 4.1; and Round up (4.00) is 4.0.

Source : https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln-metrics/cvss/v3-calculator